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Order amid Chaos


Public Meeting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ciba-Geigy Site
Toms River, New Jersey

On-site Technologies


Stabilization/Solidification

Stabilization/solidification is a treatment method used to reduce the mobility of contaminants in waste material

  • Chemical amendments (i,e., cement) are added to the waste material which alter its chemical and/or physical characteristics
    • - Neutralization
    • - Oxidation/Reduction
    • -Reduction of permeability

  • Applicable for inorganics metals
  • Limited applicability for organics
  • Nondestructive technology

    Well-proven technology
  • It can be performed in-situ or ex-situ
    • - In-situ stabilization/solidification treats the contaminated material in-place
    • - Ex-situ stabilization/solidification requires removal of the contaminated material prior to treatment

  • Technologies for addressing residual contamination
    • -Containment
    • -Natural Attenuation
  • Residual contamination
    • -Low level contamination remaining after primary treatment
    • -Inaccessible low level contamination

    Containment

    Containment-is a means of controlling the movement of contaminants in groundwater
    Types of containment technologies are-physical barriers, hydraulic controls and treatment walls

    Types of Containment
  • Physical Barriers
    • -Surface Caps
    • -Subsurface Barriers
  • Hydraulic Control
    • -Wells

    Walls


  • Treatment Walls
      Subsurface Reactive Walls

    • Subsurface Reactive Walls are trenches or "gates" filled with a treatment medium, such as iron filings or activated carbon
    • Contaminated groundwater flows into the reactive wall and is treated
    • Technology is applicable to groundwater
      • -Dependent on plume characteristics
    • Most effective for highly chlorinated organics
    • Not effective for metals
    • Lab study conducted b EnviroMetals Inc,
      • -Target compounds
        • Trichloropropane
        • Tetrachloroethene
        • Trichlorobenzene
      • Used iron filings for treatment
      • Results
      • Effective for trichloropropane and tetrachloroethene
      • Limited effectiveness for trichlorobenzene

      Natural Attenuation

    • Naturally-occurring processes
      • - Biodegradation
      • - Dilution/dispersion
      • - Adsorption
    • Naturally contains and destroys contaminants
    • Requirements
      • - Significant site study
      • - Long-term monitoring
      • Ciba Site Study
        • - Many site-related compounds are known to degrade
        • - Geochemical data verifies occurrence
          • - Depleted oxygen levels
          • - Increase in dissolved iron concentration
          • - Increase in carbon dioxide concentration
        • - Detection of breakdown products
        • - Very slow rates


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